This book provides a systematic and accessible introduction to droughts as complex environmental phenomena with far-reaching social, economic, and ecological consequences. It examines the climatic and hydrological processes that lead to prolonged water scarcity, while highlighting how drought conditions vary across regions and ecosystems. The book explores the interaction between natural variability and human activity, demonstrating how land use, population pressure, and resource management influence the severity and impact of drought events.

The discussion draws on comparative regional experiences to illustrate how societies respond to water stress under different environmental and institutional conditions. Attention is given to the links between drought, food security, and livelihoods, showing how prolonged dry periods contribute to vulnerability and humanitarian risk. The book also considers the importance of early assessment, adaptation, and policy response in reducing long-term damage. By integrating environmental science with social analysis, the book offers a balanced understanding of droughts as both natural and human-influenced events. It is intended for students, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking an internationally relevant and academically grounded introduction to drought studies and water scarcity challenges.