This book provides a foundational yet technically informed exploration of hybrid and electric vehicles, examining the systems and technologies that underpin modern automotive innovation. It presents a structured understanding of how alternative propulsion systems function, highlighting the integration of electrical energy, control mechanisms, and automation within vehicle design. The narrative reflects on the transition from conventional vehicles to intelligent and energy-efficient systems, emphasising the role of advanced technologies in enhancing performance, safety, and sustainability. Attention is directed towards the coordination of power systems, sensor-based technologies, and decision-making processes that enable adaptive and semi-autonomous driving capabilities. The book also considers the broader transformation of the automotive sector, where electrification and automation are reshaping both engineering practices and user expectations.

The text highlights the practical and technological implications of adopting hybrid and electric vehicles within contemporary transport systems. It offers insight into system optimisation, operational efficiency, and the evolving role of intelligent control in vehicle functionality. This work is intended for students, engineers, and professionals seeking a clear and structured introduction to modern vehicle technologies and their future direction.